中医移动医疗App信息服务现状研究

以“七麦数据”网站收录的中医移动医疗App作为研究对象，采用网络调查法和文献分析法，根据“七麦数据”对移动医疗App的分类，结合中医移动医疗App的信息服务内容和特点，将筛选出的中医移动医疗App划分为医疗健康类、中医养生类、知识传播类、全面综合类，并根据“七麦数据”网站中对各类中医移动医疗App的打分及累计下载量筛选出最具代表性的12款中医移动医疗App，从全面性、人性化、安全性、实用性4个一级指标和40个二级指标对其信息服务现状进行评价，指出当前中医移动医疗App信息服务存在的问题并提出建议。     

Effects of exercise dose and type during breast cancer chemotherapy on longer-term patient-reported outcomes and health-related fitness: A randomized controlled trial

The Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (CARE) Trial compared different types and doses of exercise performed during breast cancer chemotherapy. Here, we report the longer-term follow-up of patient-reported outcomes, health-related fitness and exercise behavior at 6, 12 and 24 months postintervention. A multicenter trial in Canada randomized 301 breast cancer patients initiating chemotherapy to thrice weekly, supervised exercise consisting of a standard dose of 25–30 min of aerobic exercise (STAN; n = 96), a higher dose of 50–60 min of aerobic exercise (HIGH; n = 101) or a combined dose of 50–60 min of aerobic and resistance exercise (COMB; n = 104) performed for the duration of chemotherapy (median of 17 weeks). Primary outcomes were patient-reported outcomes including quality of life, cancer-related symptoms and psychosocial outcomes. Secondary outcomes were objective health-related fitness (assessed at 12 months only) and self-reported exercise behavior. A total of 269 (89.4%) participants completed patient-reported outcomes at all three follow-up time points and 263 (87.4%) completed the health-related fitness assessment at 12-month follow-up. COMB was significantly superior to (i) STAN for sleep quality at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.027); (ii) HIGH for upper body muscular endurance at 12-month follow-up (p = 0.020); and (iii) HIGH for meeting the resistance exercise guideline at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.006). Moreover, self-reported meeting of the combined exercise guideline during follow-up was significantly associated with better patient-reported outcomes and health-related fitness. Performing combined exercise during and after breast cancer chemotherapy may result in better longer-term patient-reported outcomes and health-related fitness compared to performing aerobic exercise alone.     

足趾移植长手指全形再造术的临床应用

目的探讨足趾移植长手指全形再造手术的临床疗效。方法自2015年6月至2019年6月,对16例因外伤致手指缺损患者采用足趾移植长手指全形再造术,术后评估供区及受区的感觉功能、运动功能及外观形态,分析指甲畸形及增生性瘢痕的发生情况,并记录术后发生感染、血肿、皮片坏死及供区愈合不良等情况;通过调查问卷的方式分析患者的满意度。结果所有患者术后获随访1~12个月,其中2例受区发生感染,1例受区皮片边缘发生坏死,经换药后予以缓解;其余患者的供、受区均未出现长时间的痛疼感觉,受区感觉功能恢复达87.50%,受区运动功能恢复均较满意,手指外形基本满意。供区感觉受影响者2例,运动功能受限者1例,外形一般者2例。所有患者无指甲畸形及增生性瘢痕发生;满意者1例,基本满意者14例,不满意者1例。结论采用足趾移植长手指全形再造手术,基本可以满足患者及医师对于缺损手指进行完美修复的目标。     

头穴围刺结合运动疗法对脑梗死大鼠血管新生机制的影响

目的:观察头穴围刺结合运动疗法对脑梗死大鼠血管新生的影响。方法:采用健康雄性wistar大鼠75只随机分为假手术组、模型组、头穴围刺组、运动组、围刺+运动组,每组15只。参照Zea-Longa报道的线栓法,制备大脑中动脉梗死(MCAO)脑缺血再灌注模型,采用对应的方法进行干预,干预14天后进行行为学评估;每组随机选取5只大鼠用TTC染色法测定脑梗死面积比;RT-PCR法检测β-catenin mRNA、GSK-3βmRNA表达水平,western-blot检测血管内皮细胞VEGF水平。结果:14天后围刺+运动组mNSS评分、脑梗死面积比优于模型组、头穴围刺组和运动组(P<0.01)。围刺+运动组与其它各组相比可明显上调β-catenin蛋白表达、下调GSK-3β水平、增加VEGF表达(P<0.01)。结论:头穴围刺结合运动疗法可促进脑梗死大鼠的血管新生。     

Epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal cancer in China

In China, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranked fourth and fifth in the highest incidence and mortality rates of all malignancies in 2018, respectively. Although these rates are below the world average, China placed first worldwide in the number of new CRC cases and CRC-related deaths because of its comparatively large population. This disease represents a threat to the health of population and incurs a heavy economic burden on the society and individuals. CRC has various risk factors, including age, sex, lifestyle, genetic factors, obesity, diabetes, gut microbiota status, and precancerous lesions. Furthermore, incidence and mortality rates of CRC are closely related to socioeconomic development levels, varying according to regional and population characteristics. Prevention is the main strategy to reduce incidence and mortality rates of CRC. This can be achieved through strategies stimulating lifestyle changes, healthy diet habits, and early screening for high-risk individuals. To reduce the burden of CRC, public health officials should promote prevention and management of modifiable risk factors through national policies. The rising incidence and mortality rates of CRC in China may be timely curbed by clarifying specific epidemiological characteristics, optimizing early screening strategies, and strictly implementing diagnosis and treatment guidelines. Thus, this study aimed to collect and report the current research status on epidemiology and risk factors of CRC in China.     

Tau Accumulation via Reduced Autophagy Mediates GGGGCC Repeat Expansion-Induced Neurodegeneration in Drosophila Model of ALS

Expansions of trinucleotide or hexanucleotide repeats lead to several neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington disease [caused by expanded CAG repeats (CAGr) in the HTT gene], and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS, possibly caused by expanded GGGGCC repeats (G4C2r) in the C9ORF72 gene], of which the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that lowering the Drosophila homologue of tau protein (dtau) significantly rescued in vivo neurodegeneration, motor performance impairments, and the shortened life-span in Drosophila expressing expanded CAGr or expanded G4C2r. Expression of human tau (htau4R) restored the disease-related phenotypes that had been mitigated by the loss of dtau, suggesting an evolutionarily-conserved role of tau in neurodegeneration. We further revealed that G4C2r expression increased tau accumulation by inhibiting autophagosome–lysosome fusion, possibly due to lowering the level of BAG3, a regulator of autophagy and tau. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism by which expanded G4C2r causes neurodegeneration via an evolutionarily-conserved mechanism. Our findings provide novel autophagy-related mechanistic insights into C9ORF72-ALS and possible entry points to disease treatment.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12264-020-00518-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Melatonin reduces oxidative stress and improves vascular function in pulmonary hypertensive newborn sheep

Pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PHN) constitutes a critical condition with severe cardiovascular and neurological consequences. One of its main causes is hypoxia during gestation, and thus, it is a public health concern in populations living above 2500 m. Although some mechanisms are recognized, the pathophysiological facts that lead to PHN are not fully understood, which explains the lack of an effective treatment. Oxidative stress is one of the proposed mechanisms inducing pulmonary vascular dysfunction and PHN. Therefore, we assessed whether melatonin, a potent antioxidant, improves pulmonary vascular function. Twelve newborn sheep were gestated, born, and raised at 3600 meters. At 3 days old, lambs were catheterized and daily cardiovascular measurements were recorded. Lambs were divided into two groups, one received daily vehicle as control and another received daily melatonin (1 mg/kg/d), for 8 days. At 11 days old, lung tissue and small pulmonary arteries (SPA) were collected. Melatonin decreased pulmonary pressure and resistance for the first 3 days of treatment. Further, melatonin significantly improved the vasodilator function of SPA, enhancing the endothelial‐ and muscular‐dependent pathways. This was associated with an enhanced nitric oxide‐dependent and nitric oxide independent vasodilator components and with increased nitric oxide bioavailability in lung tissue. Further, melatonin reduced the pulmonary oxidative stress markers and increased enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity. Finally, these effects were associated with an increase of lumen diameter and a mild decrease in the wall of the pulmonary arteries. These outcomes support the use of melatonin as an adjuvant in the treatment for PHN.     

Liguzinediol对阿霉素诱导的慢性心衰大鼠心功能的影响

目的 通过阿霉素（Dox）复制大鼠慢性心力衰竭（CHF）模型，观察Liguzinediol对CHF大鼠心功能的影响。方法 通过血流动力学观察Liguzinediol对Dox（腹腔注射，2 mg/kg）诱导的CHF大鼠左心室内压最大上升/下降速率(±dp/dt_max)、左心室内压(LVSP)、动脉收缩压(ASP)、动脉舒张压(ADP)和心率(HR)的变化；观察Liguzinediol对血清一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（IL-6）以及血浆中丙二醛（MDA）的影响。结果 Liguzinediol能增加LVSP、+dp/dt_max、ASP、ADP、AP、HR，降低-dp/dt_max(P<0.05~0.01)；降低NO、iNOS以及MDA的浓度，同时增强了SOD的活性(P<0.05~0.01)；抑制IL-6和TNF-α的生成(P<0.05~0.01)。结论 Liguzinediol可明显改善Dox诱导的CHF大鼠血流动力学指标，减少模型大鼠炎症因子的释放以及抑制氧自由基的生成。